Chào quý Vnexpress, xin các anh chị chỉ dẫn tổng quát giùm về Windows, Linux và Unix. Cám ơn.
Ngọc Yến
Hồi âm:
Chao ban vi tinh, chao ban Ngoc Yen!
MCROSOFT WINDOWS: la mot family of operating systems danh cho may tinh ca nhan (Personal Computer). Windows chiem linh khoang 90% may tinh ca nhan tren toan the gioi. Giong nhu Macintosh operating environment, Windows cung cap Tiep dien nguoi dung bang do hoa (Graphical User Interface), cach quan
ly, sap xep bo nho ao (Virtual memory management), da chuc nang (Mutitasking), va tro giup cho nhung thiet bi ngoai vi (Peripheral devices).
LINUX: la he cai dat ma nguon mo (Open source implementation) co the duoc mien phi cua Unix ma chay duoc tren mot so hardware platforms nhu la Intel va Motorola Microprocessors. No da duoc phat trien chu yeu boi Linus Tovalds. Boi vi no mien phi va co the chay (run) duoc tren nhieu may tinh khac nhu la PCs, Macintoshes va Amigas, Linux da tro nen rat la pho bien trong vong vai nam tro lai day.
UNIX: la he dieu hanh da trach vu kha pho bien (a popular multi-user, multitasking operating system) duoc phat trien tai phong thi nghiem Bell (Bell Labs) trong nhung nam dau thap nien 70. Duoc tao ra boi mot nhom nhung nha lap trinh (programmers), Unix da duoc thiet ke de tro thanh mot he thong nho, linh dong duoc su dung rieng cho nhung lap trinh vien. Unix la mot trong nhung he dieu hanh dau tien duoc viet bang ngon ngu lap trinh cao cap C ( high-level programming language). Dieu nay co nghia la no co the duoc cai dat mot cach ao (virtually) len bat cu may tinh nao ma C compiler ton tai trong do. Bell Labs da cung cap he dieu hanh bang hinh thuc ngon ngu nguon, vi vay cho nen bat cu ai co duoc ban sao cung co the thay doi hay sua doi no de dung cho muc dich cua rieng minh.
AT&T cung da co gang xac dinh lai xem phien ban tieu chuan cua Unix (standard version of Unix). Hien thoi co hai phuong ngu chinh yeu cua Unix (two main dialects of Unix) do la: mot, duoc sang che boi AT&T co ten la System V; va mot duoc phat trien tai truong dai hoc Berkekey (Berkeley University) co ten la BSD4.x (x la so tu 1-3). Voi suc manh va su linh dong, Unix da tro thanh he dieu hanh dan dau danh cho Workstations. Mac du no lai rat it pho bien voi thi truong may tinh ca nhan, nhung mot su troi day cua mot phien ban moi (new version) da lam song lai Unix tren moi phuong dien, co ten goi la LINUX.
Tren day chi la mot it thong tin mong rang se giup ich cho ban.
Chuc ban vui khoe. Happy New Year!
Kevin Ngo
Chao ban. Do la cac he dieu hanh:
Windows: toi chac chan voi ban la ban da dung no, he dieu hanh cua Microsoft. He dieu hanh nay co rat nhieu phien ban, vi du nhu: Windows 3.1, Windows 95 ,Windows 98, Windows NT,Windows Me, Windows 20000, Windows XP (phien ban moi nhat).
Unix, Linux: la nhung he dieu hanh moi xuat hien (doi thu nang ki cua Windows). Linux phat trien tu Unix, dac biet la mien phi, ban co the download thoai mai tren mang (neu co the). Linux co rat nhieu phien ban va nhieu tap doan san xuat, vi du nhu Redhat, Mandrake, SuSE, Debian... Linux mac du moi xuat hien nhung qua that la mot doi thu nang ki cua Windows. Truoc kia nguoi ta cho rang he dieu hanh Linux (hoac Unix) co do bao mat cao va nhieu loi the ma Windows chua co, nhung sau do qua qua trinh su dung nguoi ta chua chac chan van de nay.
Windows doi voi nguoi dung qua that la ok, vi no co giao dien than thien, de su dung. Nhung doi voi nguoi Viet Nam, Windows co ban quyen qua dat. Hoan toan nguoc lai, Linux mien phi. Linux ngay cang co giao dien than thien, de su dung, dac biet la nhung phien ban moi nhat. Se la thieu sot neu toi khong noi den mot he dieu hanh nua co mat tren thi truong Lindows (=Linux +Windows) nhung Lindows chua duoc nguoi dung ai mo lam.
Do chi la nhung dieu gioi thieu qua, moi he dieu hanh con co nhieu dieu can phai nghien cuu. Chuc ban vui.